Infectious Complications of Lung Transplant for COVID-Associated Lung Injury (CALI): A Single Center Case-Control Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Lung transplantation is one of the only options for patients with severe COVID-19-associated lung injury (CALI). Studies on patients who received a lung transplant for CALI have, to date, not looked at the infectious outcomes. METHODS: After IRB approval, a retrospective case-control cohort study, matched 1:1, collected data on patients who underwent lung transplantation for CALI (case) and for non-COVID-19 end-stage lung disease (control) between June 1, 2020 and April 1, 2022 at a large academic hospital in Chicago. We assessed infectious complications and other key outcomes pre-transplant and for one-year post-transplant. RESULTS: Among 78 subjects (39 CALI and 39 matched control lung transplant patients), those in the CALI cohort were less likely to be vaccinated pre-transplant and were more likely to have diabetes, obesity, to not be ambulatory and to require pre-transplant ECMO and mechanical ventilation. Patients transplanted for CALI had higher rates of infection pre-transplant (66.7% vs 15.4% of patients in the control) and in the first 30 days post-transplant (43.6% vs. 20.5%). Numbers and types of infection were similar in both groups at other time points. One year mortality was similar (12.8% vs. 10.3%) for CALI and control populations, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who received a lung transplant for CALI are more deconditioned with prolonged hospital stays and experience more infectious complications immediately pre- and post-transplant. Infections due to MDROs are important contributors to morbidity and mortality in this population and antimicrobial stewardship is urgently needed.

From reinvention to reactivation: The case of Fundación WWB Colombia's Reactívate Plan as a strategy for economic recovery targeting necessity-based entrepreneurship

As a strategy to contain the effects of the social and economic crisis produced by the COVID-19 pandemic, Fundación WWB Colombia designed its Plan Reactivate to strengthen the economic and commercial activity of necessity-based entrepreneurships in Valle del Cauca. Using quasi-experimental quantitative methodology Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and qualitative methods, we found that the gap in terms of revenue recovery between the entrepreneurships participating in the Plan and the non-participants was at least 40%, showing the importance of this type of program to promote economic reactivation of these productive units and the need for targeted policies to strengthen them. © 2023, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economia. All rights reserved.

Feeling COVID-19: intensity, clusters, and correlates of emotional responses to the pandemic. (Special Issue: COVID-19: feeling and confronting pandemic risk challenges.)

News of the pandemic has the potential to produce an array of positive and negative emotions, all of which have potent ramifications for subsequent risk to mental and physical well-being. This project sought to assess (a) the intensity of those emotional responses, (b) whether or not it was possible to identify meaningful clusters of emotional reactions, and (c) what social, personal, and communication indices might discriminate among those clusters. An online survey (N = 758) was conducted in April 2020 to assess emotional experiences of the pandemic with respect to fear, anger, sadness, contentment, and hope. COVID-related emotions were much more intense than emotions in everyday life or emotional responses to H1N1. Latent profile analysis produced a four-cluster solution in which two groups reported either high (Labiles) or low intensity of all five emotions (Stoics), and two other groups manifested either mainly positive (Optimists) or mainly negative affect (Pessimists). Profile membership was associated with sex, pre-existing health conditions, social connections to a positive diagnosis, political orientation, and variable patterns of interpersonal and mediated communication. Given the specific patterning of positive versus negative emotions, some groups are at higher risk of emotional sequelae than others. However, the intensity of emotional response in the entire sample, coupled with the negative-stronger-than-positive pattern, suggests the COVID-19 will produce undesirable, non-viral health consequences across the population.

Online learning attributes on overall tourism and hospitality education learning satisfaction: Tourism Agenda 2030

PurposePromoting "Quality Education" as part of Sustainable Development Goal 4 requires educational stakeholders to understand the nature of online learning from the learners' perspective. This study aims to explore the asymmetric effects of online learning attributes on overall learning satisfaction in tourism and hospitality education. Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopt the three-factor satisfaction theory and the three analytical steps penalty-reward contrast analysis, impact range performance analysis (IRPA) and impact asymmetry analysis. The authors then juxtapose the results of such analytical approaches to the traditional importance-performance analysis (IPA) for further insights. FindingsTraditional IPA suggests nine high importance and performance online attributes. However, the IRPA reveals that only four attributes fall within high performance and high range of impact on satisfaction. The attribute "secure" had a low performance despite a significant impact on satisfaction. Research limitations/implicationsBy exploring asymmetric effects, scholars, service providers and participants of online education can have a deeper insight into the nature and dynamic effect of attributes on overall satisfaction. Originality/valueBy exploring the asymmetric impacts of online learning attributes on overall learning satisfaction, the findings provide a novel insight into the multidimensionality of online learning attributes.

Epidemiological Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Variants During Social Protests in Cali, Colombia.

Background: The third wave of the global health crisis attributed to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus reached Colombia in March 2021. Over the following 6 months, it was interpolated by manifestations of popular disapproval to the actual political regime-with multiple protests sprouting throughout the country. Large social gatherings seeded novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) variants in big cities and propagated their facile spread, leading to increased rates of hospitalizations and deaths. Methods: In this article, we evaluate the effective reproduction number (Rt) dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Cali, Colombia, between 4 April 2021 and 31 July 2021 based on the analysis of 228 genomes. Results: Our results showed clear contrast in Rt values between the period of frequent protests (Rt > 1), and the preceding and following months (Rt < 1). Genomic analyses revealed 16 circulating SARS-CoV-2 lineages during the initial period-including variants of concern (VOCs) (Alpha, Gamma, and Delta) and variants of interest (VOIs) (Lambda and Mu). Furthermore, we noticed the Mu variant dominating the COVID-19 distribution schema as the months progressed. We identified four principal clusters through phylogenomic analyses-each one of potentially independent introduction to the city. Two of these were associated with the Mu variant, one associated with the Gamma variant, and one with the Lambda variant. Conclusion: Our results chronicle the impact of large group assemblies on the epidemiology of COVID-19 during this intersection of political turmoil and sanitary crisis in Cali, Colombia. We emphasize upon the effects of limited biosecurity strategies (which had characterized this time period), on the spread of highly virulent strains throughout Cali and greater Colombia.

Pandemic and duration of youth unemployment in Cali

The health crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has had serious implications on labor dynamics, both nationally and locally, with young people principally being affected. Using official and primary data, this article explores the behavior of youth unemployment in the city of Cali during the pandemic. Through the estimation of parametric and non-parametric models, our results show that the time it takes young people to exit unemployment would have doubled, evidencing a lower probability of employment among young women. Finally, we suggest the need to design specific public policy instruments that recognize these structural problems. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] La crisis sanitaria provocada por la pandemia de Covid-19 ha tenido graves implicaciones en la dinámica laboral, tanto a nivel nacional como local, que afectan principalmente a los jóvenes. Utilizando datos oficiales y primarios, este articulo explora el comportamiento del desempleo juvenil en la ciudad de Cali durante la pandemia. Mediante la estimación de modelos paramétricos y no paramétricos, los resultados revelan que el tiempo que tardan los jóvenes en salir del desempleo se habría duplicado, con una probabilidad menor para las mujeres jóvenes. Sugiere, entonces, la necesidad de diseñar instrumentos específicos de política pública que reconozcan esta problemática estructural. (Spanish) [ FROM AUTHOR] A crise de saúde causada pela pandemia Covid-19 teve graves Implicações na dinâmica do trabalho, tanto nacional quanto localmente, que afetam principalmente os jovens. Usando dados oficiais e primários, este artigo explora o comportamento do desemprego juvenil na cidade de Cali durante a pandemia. Ao estimar modelos paramétricos e não paramétricos, os resultados revelam que o tempo que os jovens levam para sair do desemprego dobrou, com menor probabilidade para as mulheres jovens. Sugere, então, a necessidade de desenhar instrumentos de política pública específicos que reconheçam esse problema estrutural. (Portuguese) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Revista de Economía Institucional is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)